Could Pelvic Pain Be a Sign of Cancer?

The short answer is yes—pelvic pain can be a sign of cancer. However, it’s important to know that cancer is among the less common causes of pelvic pain.

 Most of the time, pelvic discomfort comes from less serious conditions, like menstrual pain, endometriosis, or an infection. 

That being said, persistent or severe pelvic pain should never be ignored. It’s always worth checking with a doctor to figure out the cause.

This blog will walk you through everything you need to know about pelvic pain—what might cause it, including the cancers it could signal, how to spot warning signs, when to see a doctor, and what to expect if cancer is diagnosed.

What Types of Cancer Could Cause Pelvic Pain?

While pelvic pain caused by cancer isn’t common, it’s possible, and certain types of cancer are more likely to have this symptom. Here are the key ones to know:

1. Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is known as the “silent killer” because its early symptoms are often vague. Pelvic pain is one of the primary warning signs, alongside bloating, feeling full quickly when eating, and urinary changes.

• How common is it? Ovarian cancer is relatively rare, affecting around 1 in 78 women, but it’s important to rule it out, especially for postmenopausal women.

2. Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer doesn’t always cause symptoms early on, but pelvic pain can occur as the disease progresses. Pain may coincide with irregular vaginal bleeding, discharge, or discomfort during intercourse.

• Noteworthy Statistic: Thanks to screening programmes, such as the smear test, cervical cancer diagnoses are much less common in countries with regular screening.

3. Colorectal Cancer

Cancers in the lower part of the colon or rectum can sometimes cause pelvic pain. Other symptoms to watch for include blood in your stool, changes in bowel habits, and unexplained weight loss.

4. Bladder Cancer

This cancer can affect the pelvic area if it spreads to nearby tissues. Symptoms may include pelvic pain, frequent urination, blood in the urine, and a burning sensation while urinating.

• Did you know? Bladder cancer is more common in men, but women often experience diagnostic delays because its symptoms can mimic infections.

5. Uterine (Endometrial) Cancer

This cancer, affecting the lining of the uterus, may cause pain or cramping in the pelvic region. Other tell-tale signs include heavy or irregular vaginal bleeding, particularly after menopause.

What Are Other Possible Causes of Pelvic Pain?

Pelvic pain is much more likely to stem from a non-cancerous condition. Here are some common reasons:

1. Endometriosis

A condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus. It primarily causes painful periods, but chronic pelvic pain is also common.

2. Fibroids

These are non-cancerous growths in the uterus that can cause bloating, heavy periods, and pelvic discomfort.

3. Pelvic Infections

Conditions like pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), commonly caused by untreated sexually transmitted infections, can lead to pelvic pain.

4. Urinary Tract or Bladder Issues

A urinary tract infection (UTI) or interstitial cystitis—a chronic bladder condition—can both cause pain in the pelvic area.

5. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

This digestive condition frequently causes symptoms like pelvic discomfort, abdominal bloating, and changes in bowel habits.

6. Musculoskeletal Problems

Sometimes, pelvic pain isn’t even about the reproductive system. It might come from problems with your hips, lower back, or muscles in the pelvic area.

When Should You See a Doctor?

While occasional, mild pelvic pain isn’t unusual, you should speak with a cancer specialist if:

• The pain is severe or lasts more than a few days.
• You have other symptoms, like abnormal bleeding, bloating, or unexplained weight loss.
• You experience urinary or bowel changes, such as blood in your urine or stool.
• Pain occurs during or after intercourse.

It’s always better to err on the side of caution if something doesn’t feel quite right.

How Is the Cause of Pelvic Pain Diagnosed?

To figure out what’s causing your pelvic pain, your doctor may use several methods, including:

1. Physical Exam

A pelvic exam can help identify tenderness, abnormalities, or masses.

2. Imaging Tests

Ultrasound, CT scans, and MRIs can spot anything unusual in the reproductive organs, gastrointestinal system, or urinary tract.

3. Blood Tests

For ovarian and other cancers, certain markers (like CA-125) in your blood can point towards a diagnosis.

4. Biopsy

If cancer is suspected, your doctor may take a tissue sample for further testing.

5. Endoscopy or Colonoscopy

These are used to examine the digestive tract for problems like colorectal cancer or IBS.

What If Cancer Is Diagnosed?

Hearing the word “cancer” can be overwhelming, but many cancers are treatable, especially when caught early. The course of treatment depends on the type and stage of cancer but often includes:

• Surgery: To remove the tumour, organ, or affected tissue.
• Radiation Therapy: Focused beams are used to kill or shrink cancer cells.
• Chemotherapy: Anti-cancer drugs are used to destroy cancer cells throughout the body.
• Targeted or Immunotherapy: These advanced treatments work with your body’s immune system or target specific cancerous cells.

Your healthcare team will guide you through the entire process and provide tailored support.

Final Thoughts

Pelvic pain doesn’t usually mean cancer, but it’s one symptom you shouldn’t ignore, especially if it’s persistent or accompanied by abnormal changes in your body.

If you’re experiencing pain and are unsure of the cause, don’t hesitate to consult a cancer doctor. Finding the cause early—whether it’s a benign issue like fibroids or something more serious like cancer—can make a huge difference in successful treatment and peace of mind.