Can Diabetes Cause Uterine Cancer?

The short answer is yes—having diabetes can increase the risk of developing uterine cancer, also known as endometrial cancer.

While diabetes itself might not directly “cause” uterine cancer, the two conditions share risk factors and biological mechanisms that create a complex, interconnected relationship.

To understand this connection more clearly, let’s break down how diabetes and uterine cancer are related, the biological processes involved, and what this means for women living with diabetes.

Understanding Diabetes and Its Impact on the Body

Diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes, is a chronic condition that impacts how your body processes sugar (glucose). It often goes hand-in-hand with insulin resistance—a state where cells in the body don’t respond properly to insulin, a hormone responsible for regulating blood sugar. Over time, this leads to elevated blood sugar levels, which can damage blood vessels, nerves, and organs.

The Connection Between Diabetes and Cancer

Research shows that people with diabetes have a higher risk of developing several types of cancers, including uterine cancer. But how are the two linked? Here are the key factors:

1. Insulin Resistance and High Insulin Levels 

  Insulin resistance means the body needs to produce more insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels. These high insulin levels (called hyperinsulinaemia) can promote cell growth, potentially increasing the risk of abnormal cell development and cancer. Uterine cancer, in particular, is sensitive to the effects of insulin and insulin-like growth factors, which can encourage the growth of tumours.

2.Chronic Inflammation 

  Diabetes is also associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation throughout the body. Over time, this inflammation can damage tissues, increase oxidative stress (a state where harmful free radicals outweigh antioxidants in the body), and create an environment ripe for cancer development.

3.Effect on Oestrogen Production 

  Diabetes often coexists with obesity, and excess body fat increases the body’s levels of oestrogen—a hormone involved in uterine cancer development. Adipose tissue (body fat) converts other hormones into oestrogen, creating higher-than-normal levels, which can stimulate the growth of the uterine lining and increase the risk of cancer.

Obesity as a Shared Risk Factor

Obesity is a key player in the diabetes-uterine cancer link. Excess weight is a significant risk factor for both conditions. Here’s why:

• Fat Distribution and Hormone Imbalance 

 Abdominal fat, in particular, is known to elevate inflammation and disrupt hormonal balance. More oestrogen, combined with insulin resistance, creates a perfect storm for developing uterine cancer.

• Persistently Elevated Blood Sugar 

 Increased body fat makes blood sugar control more difficult, compounding the risks associated with diabetes, such as chronic inflammation and higher cancer susceptibility.

Studies suggest that women with a Body Mass Index (BMI) in the obese range are about two to four times more likely to develop uterine cancer compared to women with a healthy weight. Combined with diabetes, the risk compounds further.

Scientific Data Linking Diabetes and Uterine Cancer

Several studies have sought to quantify the relationship between diabetes and uterine cancer. For example:

• A meta-analysis published in Cancer Causes & Control found that women with diabetes had a 62% higher risk of developing uterine cancer compared to women without diabetes. 
• Another study observed that this risk was even more pronounced in obese women with diabetes, underscoring the combined effect of these risk factors.

Can Controlling Diabetes Lower Uterine Cancer Risk?

While the statistics can sound concerning, the good news is that mitigating your risk is possible. Here’s how managing diabetes can positively impact your overall health and reduce the risk of uterine cancer:

1.Weight Management 

  Losing even a small percentage of body weight—about 5% to 10%—can significantly improve insulin sensitivity and lower oestrogen levels. This not only helps manage diabetes but also cuts down cancer risk.

2.Blood Sugar Control 

  Keeping blood sugar levels in a healthy range reduces insulin resistance and the resulting high insulin levels. This limits the biological pathways that can lead to cancer cell growth.

3.Healthy Diet and Exercise 

  A balanced diet rich in whole grains, vegetables, lean protein, and healthy fats can help regulate insulin levels and reduce body fat. Regular physical activity further improves insulin sensitivity and lowers inflammation.

4.Screening and Regular Check-Ups 

  Women with diabetes should work with their healthcare provider to monitor their uterine health. Early detection is crucial for better outcomes, especially if there are symptoms like abnormal bleeding or pelvic pain.

Other Risk Factors to Keep in Mind

While diabetes and obesity are clear contributors to uterine cancer risk, other important factors include:

• Age – Uterine cancer is most common in postmenopausal women, typically over 50. 
• Family History – Genetics can also play a role. 
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) – Like diabetes, PCOS is tied to insulin resistance and increased oestrogen, raising cancer risk.

Takeaway

Diabetes and uterine cancer share several overlapping risk factors, from insulin resistance to obesity and hormonal imbalances.

While diabetes alone doesn’t “cause” uterine cancer, it creates conditions in the body that increase vulnerability to this disease.

By managing diabetes through lifestyle changes, medication, and regular check-ups, you can significantly reduce your cancer risk and improve your overall health.

If you’re living with diabetes, prioritise weight management, a healthy diet, and staying active.

And, most importantly, don’t hesitate to discuss your concerns with your healthcare provider—they can guide you on the best preventive steps tailored to your needs. Remember, early awareness and action can make all the difference.

If you’re living with diabetes and concerned about your risk of uterine (endometrial) cancer, don’t wait until it’s too late. Consult Dr. Praveen Kammar, one of the top endometrial cancer specialists in Mumbai, for expert guidance, advanced treatment options, and compassionate care.

👉 Book your consultation today and take the first step toward better prevention and timely care.